鼠标事件的事件源往往与容器相关,当鼠标进入容器、离开容器,或者在容器中单击鼠标、拖动鼠标时都会发生鼠标事件。java语言为处理鼠标事件提供两个接口:MouseListener,MouseMotionListener接口。
MouseListener接口
MouseListener接口能处理5种鼠标事件:按下鼠标,释放鼠标,点击鼠标、鼠标进入、鼠标退出。相应的方法有:
(1) getX():鼠标的X坐标(2) getY():鼠标的Y坐标(3) getModifiers():获取鼠标的左键或右键。(4) getClickCount():鼠标被点击的次数。(5) getSource():获取发生鼠标的事件源。(6) addMouseListener(监视器):加放监视器。(7) removeMouseListener(监视器):移去监视器。要实现的MouseListener接口的方法有:(1) mousePressed(MouseEvent e);(2) mouseReleased(MouseEvent e);(3) mouseEntered(MouseEvent e);(4) mouseExited(MouseEvent e);(5) mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);【例 11-18】小应用程序设置了一个文本区,用于记录一系列鼠标事件。当鼠标进入小应用程序窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标进来”;当鼠标离开 窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标走开”;当鼠标被按下时,文本区显示“鼠标按下”,当鼠标被双击时,文本区显示“鼠标双击”;并显示鼠标的坐标。程序还显示一个红色的圆,当点击鼠标时,圆的半径会不断地变大。1 import java.applet.*; 2 import javax.swing.*; 3 import java.awt.*; 4 import java.awt.event.*; 5 class MyPanel extends JPanel{ 6 public void print(int r){ 7 Graphics g = getGraphics(); 8 g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight()); 9 g.setColor(Color.red);10 g.fillOval(10,10,r,r);11 }12 }13 class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{14 JTextArea text;15 MyPanel panel;16 int x,y,r =10;17 int mouseFlg=0;18 static String mouseStates[]={"鼠标键按下","鼠标松开","鼠标进来","鼠标走开","鼠标双击"};19 MyWindow(String s){20 super(s);21 Container con = this.getContentPane();22 con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));23 this.setSize(200,300);24 this.setLocation(100,100);25 panel = new MyPanel();26 con.add(panel);27 text = new JTextArea(10,20);28 text.setBackground(Color.blue);29 con.add(text);30 addMouseListener(this);31 this.setVisible(true);32 this.pack();33 }34 public void paint(Graphics g){35 r = r+4;36 if(r>80){37 r=10;38 }39 text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"\n");40 panel.print(r);41 }42 public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){43 x = e.getX();44 y = e.getY();45 mouseFlg = 0;46 repaint();47 }48 public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){49 x = e.getX();50 y = e.getY();51 mouseFlg = 1;52 repaint();53 }54 public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){55 x = e.getX();56 y = e.getY();57 mouseFlg = 2;58 repaint();59 }60 public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){61 x = e.getX();62 y = e.getY();63 mouseFlg = 3;64 repaint();65 }66 public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){67 if(e.getClickCount()==2){68 x = e.getX();69 y = e.getY();70 mouseFlg = 4;71 repaint();72 }73 else{}74 }75 }76 public class Example6_8 extends Applet{77 public void init(){78 MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow("鼠标事件示意程序");79 }80 }
任何组件上都可以发生鼠标事件:鼠标进入、鼠标退出、按下鼠标等。例如,在上述程序中添加一个按钮,并给按钮对象添加鼠标监视器,将上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按钮上的所有鼠标事件。
1 JButton button;2 public void init(){3 button = new JButton(“按钮也能发生鼠标事件”);4 r = 10;5 text = new JTextArea(15,20);6 add(button);7 add(text);8 button.addMouseListener(this);9 }
如果程序希望进一步知道按下或点击的是鼠标左键或右键,鼠标的左键或右键可用InputEvent类中的常量BUTTON1_MASK和BUTTON3_MASK来判定。例如,以下表达式判断是否按下或点击了鼠标右键:
e.getModifiers()==InputEvent. BUTTON3_MASK
MouseMotionListener接口
MouseMotionListener接口处理拖动鼠标和鼠标移动两种事件。
注册监视器的方法是: addMouseMotionListener(监视器)要实现的的接口方法有两个:(1) mouseDragged(MouseEvent e)(2) mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)【例 11-19】一个滚动条与显示窗口同步变化的应用程序。窗口有一个方块,用鼠标拖运方块,或用鼠标点击窗口,方块改变显示位置,相应水平和垂直滚动条的滑块也会改变它们在滚动条中的位置。反之,移动滚动条的滑块,方块在窗口中的显示位置也会改变。1 import java.applet.*; 2 import javax.swing.*; 3 import java.awt.*; 4 import java.awt.event.*; 5 class MyPanel extends JPanel{ 6 public void print(int r){ 7 Graphics g = getGraphics(); 8 g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight()); 9 g.setColor(Color.red);10 g.fillOval(10,10,r,r);11 }12 }13 class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{14 JTextArea text;15 MyPanel panel;16 int x,y,r =10;17 int mouseFlg=0;18 static String mouseStates[]={"鼠标键按下","鼠标松开","鼠标进来","鼠标走开","鼠标双击"};19 MyWindow(String s){20 super(s);21 Container con = this.getContentPane();22 con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));23 this.setSize(200,300);24 this.setLocation(100,100);25 panel = new MyPanel();26 con.add(panel);27 text = new JTextArea(10,20);28 text.setBackground(Color.blue);29 con.add(text);30 addMouseListener(this);31 this.setVisible(true);32 this.pack();33 }34 public void paint(Graphics g){35 r = r+4;36 if(r>80){37 r=10;38 }39 text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"\n");40 panel.print(r);41 }42 public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){43 x = e.getX();44 y = e.getY();45 mouseFlg = 0;46 repaint();47 }48 public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){49 x = e.getX();50 y = e.getY();51 mouseFlg = 1;52 repaint();53 }54 public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){55 x = e.getX();56 y = e.getY();57 mouseFlg = 2;58 repaint();59 }60 public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){61 x = e.getX();62 y = e.getY();63 mouseFlg = 3;64 repaint();65 }66 public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){67 if(e.getClickCount()==2){68 x = e.getX();69 y = e.getY();70 mouseFlg = 4;71 repaint();72 }73 else{}74 }75 }76 public class Example6_8 extends Applet{77 public void init(){78 MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow("鼠标事件示意程序");79 }80 }
上述例子中,如果只要求通过滑动滑块,改变内容的显示位置,可以简单地使用滚动面板JScrollPane。如果是这样,关于滚动条的创建和控制都可以免去,直接由JScrollPane内部实现。参见以下修改后的MyWindow的定义:
1 class MyWindow extends JFrame{ 2 public MyWindow(String s){ 3 super(s); 4 Container con = this.getContentPane(); 5 con.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); 6 this.setLocaltion(100,100); 7 MyListener listener = new MyListener(); 8 listener.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700,700)); 9 JScrollPane scrolledCanvas = new JScrollPane(listener);10 this.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.CENTER);11 this.setVisible(true);12 this.pack();13 }14 public Dimension getPreferredSize(){15 return new Dimension(400,400);16 }17 }
鼠标指针形状也能由程序控制 ,setCursor()方法能设置鼠标指针形状。例如,代码setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(cursor.WAIT_CURSOR))。
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